The legend of Santa Claus
Americans have been celebrating Christmas since colonial days, almost always with Santa Claus, in one form or another. We’re accustomed to seeing the jolly old elf in his flying sled, decked out in red with a flowing white beard, squeezing down chimneys and leaving gifts under our trees. But in a certain town in Italy, they take the legend of Santa Claus a little more seriously.
Down
in the heel of Italy’s boot you can find the Basilica di San Nicola in the town
of Bari. Nearly a thousand years ago, the remains of the bearded gift-giver
known as St. Nicholas were interred beneath the church that bears his name.
Well, most of the remains, anyway.
Nicholas was a real-life Christian bishop who was born in what is today known as Turkey around 270 AD. During his 67-year-long life, Nicholas became known as the Wonderworker for the many miracles attributed to his intercession. He’s the patron saint of sailors, merchants, archers, repentant thieves, children, brewers, pawnbrokers, unmarried people and students in various cities and countries in Europe. His habit of secret gift-giving gave rise to the modern version of Santa Claus.
Nothing
was written about Nicholas until centuries after his death, but some of the
legends are remarkable. He rescued three girls from being forced into
prostitution by dropping a sack of gold coins through the window of their house
for three straight nights, so their father could pay a dowry for each of them.
He is said to have calmed a storm at sea, rescued three innocent soldiers from
execution, and chopped down a tree possessed by a demon. For a time he was
imprisoned by the Roman emperor Diocletian.
Nicholas
was buried in his hometown of Myra, or perhaps on an offshore island. Some 800
years later, with the Byzantine Empire in turmoil, Italian sailors seized about
75% of the saint’s remains from his burial church and took them to Bari. Two
years later, Pope Urban II inaugurated a new church to house the remains and
personally placed the relics in a tomb beneath the altar, where they remain to
this day.
Present-day
residents of Bari welcome the Christian pilgrims who come to the church, but
they perceive their local hero as very distinct from Santa Claus. Celebrations
for St. Nicholas Day begin on December 5, with street concerts, parades and
traditional food. Young girls looking for a husband line up in the basilica,
praying for betrothal.
In
Italy, St. Nicholas morphed into Father Christmas in the 16th
century, bringing presents to children and sliding down chimneys. In the next
century, Dutch settlers brought the legend to New Amsterdam, their colony on
the American island of Manhattan. Santa’s red uniform wasn’t commonly seen
until the 1930s, when it was popularized by Coca-Cola in an advertising
campaign.
Bari
has started to cash in on tourism linked to St. Nicholas, with guided tours to
the basilica and the local museum that houses artifacts, along with street
tours that feature murals, including one in which the saint is doing yoga,
believe it or not. The tours are on foot but also on bicycle and rickshaw.
There’s even a popular local beer named San Nicola.
Interested
in traveling to Italy? Bari is only one of countless historical sites you can
see there, and we can send you wherever you want to go, from the Alps down to
the tip of the boot and Sicily. Chiamaci! (That’s Italian for “Give us a
call!”)